№ 849 (2016)
УДК 621.391
Б. М. Стрихалюк, Ю. В. Климаш, І. І. Болюбаш
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
АЛГОРИТМ МАКСИМІЗАЦІЇ ЧАСУ ЖИТТЯ СЕНСОРНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ
З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ВІРТУАЛЬНИХ ВУЗЛІВ
© Стрихалюк Б. М., Климаш Ю. В., Болюбаш І. І., 2017
Розглянуто концепцію віртуальних вузлів, які є копіями реальних вузлів, кожен з яких здатний виконувати певне завдання і відправляти отримані дані до наступного віртуального вузла. Представлено функції витрат енергії для зчитування, оброблення та передавання інформації. Введено умову обмеження, яка необхідна, коли географічна зона контролюється певною кількістю вузлів, проте не потрібна інформація від усіх вузлів. Запропоновано алгоритм щодо максимізації часу життя безпровідних сенсорних мереж, який дає змогу звести до мінімуму витрати енергії вузлів.
Ключові слова: безпровідна сенсорна мережа, віртуальні вузли, кластер, енерго¬споживання.
B. Strykhalyuk, Yu. Klymash, I. Bolyubash
Lviv Polytechnic National University
THE ALGORITHM OF SENSOR NETWORK LIFETIME
MAXIMIZATION USING THE CONCEPT OF VIRTUAL NODES
© Strykhalyuk B., Klymash Yu., Bolyubash I., 2017
One of the main problems of the requirements of quality of service of wireless sensor networks is to provide fault tolerance. Based on research on energy nodes and routing data, efficiency is paramount to increase the lifetime of the network [1]. In this paper an algorithm of network lifetime maximization is proposed as a promising solution towards a distributed application deployment in wireless sensor networks. There are three cost functions: reading, processing and transmission information; the concept of virtual nodes, which are copies of real nodes. To assess the effectiveness of the algorithm considers three cases the tests are the most common, such as: 1) uniform power consumption and uniform primary energy in each node; 2) irregular power consumption and uniform primary energy in each node; 3) uniform power consumption and uneven primary energy in each node. Nodes are randomly following a uniform distribution. Each unit is equipped with sensors to measure temperature, humidity and light. To minimize energy consumption must have exact information about the network topology, the distance between them and the number of parameters: energy consumption in the processing, reading and transmission of information, residual energy node, the working frequency, data rate. Modeling was performed for two cases: A) when the information is processed and stored on the receiving node and B) when data from this node is analyzed and processed by specialists, while the node itself provides only basic processing. In cases B2 and B3, units selected to perform the proposed algorithm processing, will be those who weigh less on the network, regardless of whether they are heads of clusters or not. In particular, the best results in terms of energy consumption networks with diverse options that are the most common type of network in real conditions. In the case of A, where more detailed processing and the number of instructions for each process higher energy savings lower than B.
Key words: wireless sensor networks, energy consumption, cluster, sensor.
Кількість посилань 9
УДК 621.865.8; 621.382.001.63; 004.42; 004.67
В. М. Теслюк, К. В. Матвійчук, А. Б. Романюк
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ МОБІЛЬНОЇ РОБОТОТЕХНІЧНОЇ
СИСТЕМИ НА ОСНОВІ FPGA
© Теслюк В. М., Матвійчук К. В., Романюк А. Б., 2017
Розроблено структуру проектованої мобільної робототехнічної системи на базі FPGA. Розроблено VHDL-моделі підсистем керування МРТС, програмне забезпечення системи та описано особливості фізичної моделі мобільної РТС на основі FPGA. Реалізовано макетний взірець на базі FPGA, що дає змогу дослідити розроблене програмне забезпечення.
Ключові слова: мобільні робототехнічні системи, ПЛІС, VHDL-моделі, UML діаграма, RTL схема, підсистема керування.
V. Teslyuk, K. Matviichuk, A. Romaniuk
Lviv Polytechnic National University
DEVELOPING OF MOBILE ROBOTIC
TECHNICAL SYSTEM BASED ON FPGA
© Teslyuk V., Matviichuk K., Romaniuk A., 2017
In the article the structure of the designed FPGA based mobile robot technical system is described. For the design the block-hierarchical approach was used. This system includes the following elements: - the MicroBlaze soft, which is a 32-bit programmable RISC processor with Harvard architecture, in which the processor has separated memory commands and data memory, motor control subsystem, video processing subsystem, radio module control subsystem, sensor control subsystem, the subsystem of obstacle identification. The structure that was built is based on a modular principle that allows you to quickly modify and develop MRTS.
To solve the task of the system functioning in the conditions of a rapidly changing environment hardware implementation FPGA based MRTS subsystems were used. Complex VHDL models of control subsystems of MRTS for the schemotechnical level of design were developed. Obstacle detection and engine control subsystems based on RTL circuits and modeled by means of the VHDL languages and their working principles, and detailed descriptions of the individual valves were presented.
System software is divided into client and server parts. The client part is placed on a computer, this is a program written in C++ programming language, which communicates with a mobile RTS. The main component of the program for developed model is an RTS control subsystem, which is provided in UML diagram. The features of the physical model of mobile RTS based on the FPGA are described. The sample model is implemented in FPGA, which gives the opportunity to explore the developed software. In the process of implementation was used Spartan 3E, 500 K capacity logical element in the FG320 package. Proposed the implementation of a subsystem of the MRTS in the future will develop the RTS which will have high performance at low weight and size and a low price.
Key words: mobile robotic technical systems, FPGA, VHDL-models, UML diagram, RTL circuit, control subsystem.
Кількість посилань 15
УДК 004.415.056.5
С. В. Толюпа, І. І. Пархоменко
Київський національний університет ім. Тараса Шевченка
ЗАХИСТ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ З ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЮ ПІДТРИМКОЮ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ТЕХНІЧНОГО Й ОПЕРАТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
© Толюпа С. В., Пархоменко І. І., 2017
Для успішного використання сучасних інформаційних технологій необхідно ефективно управляти не тільки мережею, але і її системою захисту інформації (СЗІ), при цьому на рівні інформаційної системи автономно повинна працювати система, яка реалізує управління складом подій інформаційної безпеки, планування модульного складу СЗІ й аудиту. З огляду на те, що СЗІ є доволі складною організаційно-технічною системою, що функціонує в умовах невизначеності, суперечливості та неповноти знань про стан інформаційного середовища, управління такою системою має ґрунтуватися на застосуванні методів теорії прийняття рішень і необхідності застосування інте¬лектуальних технологій.
Ключові слова: захист, системний аналіз, система, інформація, інформаційна безпека, загроза, локальна мережа, урівень захищеності.
S. Toliupa, I. Parkhomenko
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
DATA PROTECTION WITH INTELLECTUAL SUPPORT
OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT
© Toliupa S., Parkhomenko I., 2017
For the successful use of modern information technologies, it is necessary to effectively manage not only the network, but also information systems security (ISS), the information system on the level of the system must operate autonomously implementing the management structure of information security events, planning the composition of modular ISS and audit. ISS is a very complex organizational and technical system, which works under conditions of uncertainty, inconsistency and incompleteness of knowledge about the state of the information environment, the management of such system should be based on the use of methods of the theory of decision-making and the need for the use of intelligent technologies. One solution to this problem is to use the intelligent methods to support decision-making in the management of IS local information system, which, in turn, requires the development based on the principles of system analysis and general scientific approaches methodological framework for the protection of information management, the relevant models, methods, algorithms and software. The circuit of organizational and technical management are mechanisms to protect the information management infrastructure with changing business applications, information processing plans and corresponding to the level of data protection requirements. The circuit includes: intelligent decision support for the choice of strategies to protect system security level evaluation system (risk) control action is implemented by employees of information security department. The command information is generated during the planning - targeted selection of a rational complex remedies. Formed operational command information that is communicated to the security administrator control object or automatically by means of implementing control actions on the built-in protection circuit control modules in the operational management. The proposed structure of building intellectual support system of operational management can be built by this principle. By development of the intellectual system of operative management it is suggested to choose an unclear model. It is related to that considerable part of information about reasons and sources of anomalous events can be got only an expert way or as heuristic descriptions of processes. For determination of sources of АP IS must be presented by the model of that informative network to that she is oriented. This model divides the task of moving to information between computers through the environment of network on the amount of levels of less large and easier solvable small tasks. Each of these small tasks decides by means of one network level. Thus it can be argued that the methodological basis of the information security management in the segment of the local information system, based on system analysis and general laws of building management systems, the novelty of which lies in the totality of the developed methods, principles of building architecture information security management system with intelligent support for organizational and technical and operational management, which allows a rapid and informed decisions to ensure the required level of data protection.
Key words: protection, system analysis, system, information, information security, threat, local network, security level
Кількість посилань 5
УДК 621.37:621.391
В. В. Ципоренко
Житомирський державний технологічний університет
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ШИРИНИ РОБОЧОГО СЕКТОРА БЕЗПОШУКОВОГО ЦИФРОВОГО КОРЕЛЯЦІЙНО-ІНТЕРФЕРОМЕТРИЧНОГО ПЕЛЕНГАТОРА З РЕКОНСТРУЮВАННЯМ ПРОСТОРОВОГО АНАЛІТИЧНОГО СИГНАЛУ
© Ципоренко В. В., 2017
Виконано дослідження ширини робочого сектора та точності пеленгування безпо¬шукового цифрового кореляційно-інтерферометричного пеленгатора, що вико¬ристовує реконструювання просторового аналітичного сигналу. Запропоновано методи розши¬рення робочого сектора пеленгування з використанням реконструювання просторового комплексного сигналу.
Ключові слова: безпошуковий метод кореляційно-інтерферометричного пеленгу¬вання; реконструювання сигналу; дослідження ширини робочого сектора.
V. Tsyporenko
Zhytomyr State Technological University
RESEARCH OF WIDTH OF WORKING SECTOR OF DIRECT DIGITAL CORRELATIVE-INTERFEROMETRIC DIRECTION FINDER WITH RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL ANALYTICAL SIGNAL
© Tsyporenko V., 2017
It was conducted the research of the width of the working sector and the exactness of direct digital correlative-interferometric direction finder that uses reconstruction of spatial analytical signal. It is shown that the main operation that has a basic effect on the width of the working sector of the direction finder is the parallel two-dimensional filtration of the radiation with using of algorithm of fast Fourier transform (FFT). Two-dimensional filtration of the radiation should be carried out in frequency-spatial field of determination with using of two-step fast reconstruction of harmonic components of radio emission. At first stage the parallel frequency filtration of the radiation is implemented in direction finding channels on an intermediate frequency using fast Fourier transform algorithm, followed by rapid reconstruction of selected radiation in the time domain. At second stage the parallel spatial filtration is implemented using a digital synthesis of the multidirected directional pattern, which blocks the working sector of direction finding. It was determined that the width of working sector of direction finding is limited by parasitic distortions in the synthesis of the multidirected directional pattern and depends on the type of weight function of digital pattern formation ("window"), aperture size and number of elements of linear antenna lattice. It was conducted the research of the methods of rapid reconstruction of radio emission in their frequency filtration using real and complex forms of signal representation and its impact on the width of the working sector of direction finding. It was shown the expediency of using of complex reconstructed radiation implementations. The proposed method of expansion of the working sector of direction finding that uses reconstruction of spatial complex analytical signal provides the wider [15–165] degrees sector of direction finding and significantly simplifies direction finding algorithm.
Key words: direct method of correlative-interferometric direction-finding; reconstructing of signal; research of width of working sector.
Кількість посилань 7
УДК 621.372.061
Ю. І. Шаповалов, Б. А. Мандзій, Д. Р. Бачик
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
РОЗШИРЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ СИСТЕМИ ПРОГРАМНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ MAOPCs СТОСОВНО ФОРМУВАННЯ ПЕРЕДАВАЛЬНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ЛІНІЙНИХ ПАРАМЕТРИЧНИХ КІЛ
© Шаповалов Ю. І., Мандзій Б. А., Бачик Д. Р., 2017
Описано розширення можливостей системи MAOPCs стосовно обчислення пере¬давальних функцій лінійних параметричних кіл, що являють собою відношення до¬вільних напруг та струмів кола. Теоретичною основою обчислень для такого розши¬рення вибрано табличний метод формування математичної моделі кола.
Ключові слова: cпряжена та нормальна параметричні передавальні функції; частотний символьний метод, система програмних функцій MAOPCs.
Yu. Shapovalov, B. Mandziy, D. Bachyk
Lviv Polytechnic National University
THE EXPANSION OF THE POSSIBILITIES
OF THE SYSTEM PROGRAM FUNCTIONS MAOPCs
FOR THE STUDY OF LINEAR
PERIODICALLY-TIME-VARIABLE CIRCUITS
© Shapovalov Yu., Mandziy B., Bachyk D., 2017
The system program function MAOPCs is designed to study multivariate analysis and optimization of state linear periodically-time-variable circuits. The architecture of the system MAOPCs is based on the principles of software Matlab environment, which provides the existence of the independent the software functions and creating the user-defined functions, and because it is an open system, it allows you to supplement it with the new functions. These additions extend the functionality of the system MAOPCs, make its application more efficient for analysis, research or design of the electronic devices, that are modeled by the linear periodically-time-variable circuits. The mathematical software of the system MAOPCs based on the frequency symbolic method, which allows us to calculate the conjugate parametric transfer functions of linear periodically-time-variable circuits. Such transfer functions linking the input signals with the output signals in the form of approximating polynomials of Fourier in trigonometric or complex form. By the same polynomials of Fourier are approximated the normal parametric transfer functions, which are the basis of assessment of the asymptotic stability of the circuit.
The system MAOPCs implements symbolic methods of calculation, because the conjugate and normal transfer functions usually contain a number of parameters of the elements, that are defined by characters. Substitution of the numerical values in place of the following characters is performed, usually, in the last stages of solving the relevant tasks of the device designing.
The limitation of the system MAOPCs is that the current system functions can only determine the transfer functions, which are the ratio nodal voltage of the circuit acting on the circuit signals in the form of the current sources.
The aim of this work is to expand the functional capabilities of the system MAOPCs with respect to the computation of the transfer functions, that are representing random variables of the circuit, among which are the arbitrary node voltages of the circuit, and the arbitrary voltages and currents on the elements of this circuit. Theoretical calculations for such an expansion are using the tabular describing method of the mathematical model of the circuit.
Key words: conjugate and normal parametric transfer functions, frequency symbolic method, the system functions MAOPCs.
Кількість посилань 7
УДК 621.397+681.723
В. І. Шклярський, В. М. Гой, Р. З. Матвіїв, Ю. М. Матієшин
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
ФОРМУВАННЯ СКАНУВАЛЬНОГО РАСТРА ЗМІННИХ РОЗМІРІВ У ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНОМУ ОПТИЧНОМУ МІКРОСКОПІ
© Шклярський В. І., Гой В. М., Матвіїв Р. З., Матієшин Ю. М., 2016
Запропоновано для зміни розмірів зображення досліджуваного мікрооб’єкта вико¬ристати зміну розмірів освітлювального сканувального растра. Використання елек¬тронно-променевої трубки високої роздільної здатності дасть змогу формувати збіль¬шене зображення без втрати роздільної здатності.
Ключові слова: телевізійний оптичний мікроскоп, роздільна здатність, скану¬вальний растр, зміна розмірів зображення.
V. Shkliarskyi, V. Goy, R. Matviyiv, Y. Matiieshyn
Lviv Polytechnic National University
RESIZABLE SCANNING RASTER GENERATION
IN TELEVISION OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
© Shkliarskyi V., Goy V., Matviyiv R., Matiieshyn Y., 2016
High resolution cathode-ray tube (CRT) uses in television optical microscope (TOM) for lighting of investigated microobject (MO) [1–4]. Light, which goes through investigated MO, or reflected from it, projects on photosensitive target of photoelectron multiplier (PEM). On the output of PEM is generated electrical signal. Amplitude of this signal corresponds to the light, which coming from investigated MO. This signal is used to display researched MO image on television screen or personal computer screen. Resolution of CRT allows to generate scanning raster, which can has more then 4000×4000 elements of the image. Resolution of television screen is much lower (usually, doesn’t exceed 550×720 image formation elements). This feature of TOM allows to reduce size of scanning raster. In this way, is the possibility to get enlarged image of investigated MO or his part without loss of resolution. For getting enlarged image of selected part of researched MO is used offset of reduced scanning raster. For expansion of functionality, TOM generates scanning raster in television standard and in small-frame mode. Using of personal computer allows to form scanning raster by analog or digital-analog way. Independent offset of reduced raster requires special circuit solutions. One of these solutions is using of voltage-to-current converter VCC for precision current formation in load.
The block diagram is developed for sweep signal generation unit by one coordinate. Composition of block diagram includes control unit of operation modes, generator of sawtooth voltage signal, generator of offset signal, memory unit, digital-to-analog converter of signal, commutator, regulator of sweep signal amplitude, amplifier-limiter of scanning ray deviation signal. The block diagram of sweep signal generation unit for another coordinate is the same.
Main requirements of magnetic deflection system is defined. Shown, that main design parameters of magnetic deflection system, which influence on parameters of TOM is inductance of deflection coils, own resonance frequency, active resistance, maximum current, that is needed for deflection of light scanning ray to the outer point of raster.
Been analyzed requirements for voltage-to-current converter, which should provide strong precision of input signals to current in load converting, stability of current value, and high performance. They execute by scheme of direct current amplifier using direct current amplifier with deep negative feedback by current. Signal of negative feedback is formed on precision resistance, which is switched consistently with inductive load. All of the above requirements should be performed with minimal intake power. Shown charts of parameters of voltage-to-current converter from design parameters which using in deflection coils of magnetic deflection system.
Been defined minimum supply voltage of voltage-to-current converter, which is used for magnetic deflection system power with different design parameters. Also, shown, that using deflection coils with small inductivity needs less voltages of power supply, but leads to an increase of average power consumption. Defined main dynamic parameters of voltage-to-current converter using magnetic deflection system with different design parameters for scanning raster formation.
Key words: television optical microscope, resolution, scanning raster, image resizing.
Кількість посилань 4
УДК 621.397+681.723
В. І. Шклярський, Ю. М. Матієшин, Ю. В. Баланюк, Р. В. Янкевич
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
РОЗШИРЕННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНОГО СКАНУВАЛЬНОГО ОПТИЧНОГО МІКРОСКОПА ПІД ЧАС ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МІКРООБ’ЄКТІВ
© Шклярський В. І., Матієшин Ю. М., Баланюк Ю. В., Янкевич Р. В., 2016
Висвітлено питання, які стосуються дослідження параметрів різних типів мікро¬об’єктів за допомогою телевізійного сканувального оптичного мікроскопа, що працює у відповідних режимах роботи. Мікрооб’єкти можуть бути як одиничними, так і пере¬бувати у групі з декількох окремих мікрооб’єктів. Наведено принципи та структурні схеми побудови такого мікроскопа, які забезпечують високу точність та мінімальні спотворення під час вимірювань.
Ключові слова: телевізійний сканувальний оптичний мікроскоп, режими роботи, кріобіологія, кріомедицина.
V. Shkliarskyi, Y. Matiieshyn, Y. Balanyuk, R. Yankevych
Lviv Polytechnic National University
EXPANSION OF FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES
OF TELEVISION SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
IN THE STUDY OF MICROOBJECTS
© Shkliarskyi V., Matiieshyn Y., Balanyuk Y., Yankevych R., 2016
The problems relating to research options for various types of microobjects using the television scanning optical microscope that works in the respective modes. This can be either microobjects single and stay in a group of several individual microobjects. The following principles and structural scheme of construction of the microscope, providing high accuracy and minimal distortion in the measurements.
Today in various fields of science and technology is needed research of microobjects (MO), whose dimensions are within 0,2–100 microns. For research of such MO the optical microscopes are used. This microscope makes it possible to distinguish structures with the distance between elements of 0,20 microns.
In the arsenal of optical microscopy is a wide range of devices, using the same principle of operation (using lenses create enlarged image of MO), different individual characteristics that make it possible to obtain more information about MO or circumvent difficulties imposed by the conditions of the study. Thus, the most common biological job microscopes, research biological microscopes, inverted biological microscopes. For a better understanding of processes in cells and in quantitative vivo studies used fluorescent microscopes. Ultraviolet and infrared microscopes, polarizing, phase-contrast, interference, microscopes of the dark field, stereoscopic microscopes, comparison microscopes, television microscopes, high-temperature and many others − they differ primarily features of optical channel.
In general, today known following types of microscopes used to study objects of small size: acoustic; nuclear power; binocular; video (chamber); measurement; reflective; antireflection electronic with photoresponse; laser; metallographic; microsurgical; optical; comparative; X-ray; scanning (raster) optical; scanning confocal; scanning electronic; scanning tunneling; stroboscopic; fluorescent etc. Under television optical microscope mean the microscope, which in addition to optical elements are used those or other products (and related methods) that are specific to television.
Key words: Television Scanning Optical Microscope, Operating Modes, Cryobiology, Cryomedicine.
Кількість посилань 9
УДК 535.341
І. Я. Яремчук, В. М. Фітьо, Я. В. Бобицький
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПЛАЗМОННИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ НАНОКОМПОЗИТНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НА ОСНОВІ АЛМАЗОПОДІБНОЇ ВУГЛЕЦЕВОЇ ПЛІВКИ
ТА НАНОЧАСТИНОК СРІБЛА
© Яремчук І. Я., Фітьо В. М., Бобицький Я. В., 2016
Розраховано оптичні константи алмазоподібної вуглецевої плівки, з диспергова¬ними в неї наночастинками срібла різної форми, за допомогою ефективної теорії Максвелла–Гарнетта. Здійснено моделювання оптичних характеристик нанокомпо¬зитного матеріалу залежно від розміру і форми включень та матеріалу матриці.
Ключові слова: нанокомпозит, ефективна теорія Максвелла–Гарнетта, плаз¬монний резонанс.
I. Yaremchuk, V. Fitio, Ya. Bobitski,
Lviv Polytechnic National University
MODELLING OF THE PLASMONIC PROPERTIES
OF NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED
ON DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON FILM AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES
© Yaremchuk І., Fitio V., Bobitski Ya., 2016
Optical characteristics of nanocomposite materials have been modeled depends on materials of the nanoparticles and the matrix, the size and shape of nanoparticles. The optical constants of diamond-like carbon films doped with nanoparticles of silver are considered within the framework of the effective theory of Maxwell–Garnett. It is shown that the concentration, size, shape of nanoparticles and the interaction between them affect the value of the complex effective refractive index of the nanocomposite and are crucial for provision of maximum absorption peak (plasmon peak) and the width of the absorption spectrum. The modeling of the optical properties of the diamond-like carbon film doped by silver nanoparticles with spheroidal shape was provided. In this case the plasmon peaks are shifted to longer wavelengths and broadened. In addition, additionale absorption peaks appear.
It is demonstrate that renormalized Maxwell–Garnett effective theory, which includes size effect and near field interaction between nanoparticles, can be successfully applied to describe the optical properties of silver diamond-like carbon nanocomposite films with the high concentration of Ag nanoparticles. The obtained results suggest as well that a random mixture consisting of a diamond-like carbon film with embedded isolated silver inclusions is promising material for the fabrication of tunable nanocomposites that could used in different optical systems employing surface plasmon resonance.
Key words: nanocomposite, effective theory Maxwell–Garnett, plasmon resonance.
Кількість посилань 16
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