УДК 32.01:321.6(44)“1799/1814/1815”

БОНАПАРТИЗМ ЯК ТИП ПОЛІТИЧНОГО РЕЖИМУ
У ФРАНЦІЇ (1799–1814/1815)

Ігор Осадчук
Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка

(стаття надійшла до редколегії – 28.09.2017 р., прийнята до друку – 30.10.2017 р.)

© Осадчук І., 2017

Проаналізовано основні підходи до визначення бонапартизму. З’ясовано особливості формування та функціонування політичного режиму у Франції у 1799–1814/1815 рр. Виокремлено два етапи функціонування бонапартизму: консульський (1799–1804) та імператорський (1804–1814/1815). Бонапартизм у Франції у 1802–1814/1815 рр. визначено як історичний прототип авторитарного режиму.
Ключові слова: політичний режим, Наполеон I Бонапарт, бонапартизм, авторитаризм, плебісцит, сенатус-консульт, Франція.

BONAPARTISM AS A TYPE OF POLITICAL REGIME IN FRANCE (1799–1814/1815)

Іhor Osadchuk

The article is devoted to analyzing basic approaches to the definition of Bonapartism. Bonapartism is considered: as a model or an ideal type of a political system, which tends to be repeated in certain circumstances; as a political ideology of the post-revolutionary period, aimed at implementation of the principles of centralism; as a system of institutions and governance’s procedures that enables the practical realization of the aforementioned ideology in a divided society. The author clarified the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the political regime in France in 1799–1814/1815 and outlined two stages of the functioning of Bonapartism, i.e. the consular (1799–1804) and the imperial (1804–1814/1815) ones. The author also identified the role of constitutional referendums/plebiscites and Senatus-consultes in the formation of the political regime of Napoleon I Bonaparte. The scientific attention is focused on the constitutional powers of the institutions of legislature, executive and judiciary. The researcher also found out the place of the State Council (government institution), which was entrusted with legislative functions, in the political system. In addition, the features of the formation and functioning of local self-government were also considered. It was determined that the main government institutions were formed by appointment. The main features of Bonapartism as a type of political regime in France in 1799–1814/1815 were as follows: dominance of executive over legislature and judiciary; reliance on the powers of the head of executive and his positioning as a “leader of the nation”; control of the system of local self-government by the central executive; strict police supervision and censorship; suppressing any opposition. It was found that due to the brutal suppression of opposition, the Bonapartist regime provided political stability in France. Consequently, Bonapartism in France in 1802–1814/1815 should be defined as the historical prototype of the authoritarian regime.
Key words: political regime, Napoleon I Bonaparte, Bonapartism, authoritarianism, plebiscite, senatus-consulte, France.

Кількість посилань 22

УДК 930(477)

НАУКОВО-ІСТОРИЧНА СПАДЩИНА М. ЛОЗИНСЬКОГО

А. Я. Нагірняк
Інститут гуманітарних і соціальних наук
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”

© Нагірняк А. Я., 2016

Проаналізовано науково-історичну спадщину М. Лозинського про процеси, що відбувались в Україні під час національно-визвольних змагань. Вказано, що основними напрямами наукових досліджень М. Лозинського була державно-правова та міжнародно-правова проблематика.
Ключові слова: М. Лозинський, Галичина, Польща, національно-визвольний рух.

In this article Lozynskyi’s historical heritage is taken into account while analyzing processes which took place in Ukraine during national-liberation movement. The article states that M. Lozynskyi began his career in the well-known Lviv newspaper “Dilo”, where he started to work in 1900, and later become an editor of it until the World War I.
In the following research the works of M. Lozynskyi dedicated to national-liberation movement and its defeat are observed. The main part of his works refers to the defense of the Ukrainian people rights during the national-liberation movement and the idea of Ukrainian state is brought up.
His later works related to the problems of the international rights. The following articles were written: “The Protection of National Minorities in the International Law” (1923), “The Struggle for National identiy in the Versailles Agreement” (1923), university textbook “The International law” (1922) Living in Prague he campaigned for the state rights of Ukraine.
In this article is mentioned that the historian M. Lozynskyi looks into the violation of the Ukrainian people rights by Poland which occupied the main part of west Ukrainian lands. The unfair politics of the League of Nations is also highlighted. M. Lozynskyi emphasizes that the lands of the western Ukraine in any case can not be considered inhabited by a national minority,as the Ukrainian people comprise 60 % of population in each of the three provinces of Halychyna.
Summarising, the works of M. Lozynskyi demonstrate the two main aspects: state legal problems of the development of Ukraine and international-legal range of problems in particular those which relate to the national minorities.
Key words: М. Lozynskyi, Galychyna, Poland, national-liberation movement.

Література – 12

УДК 008(719)(075.8)

ПОПУЛЯРИЗАЦІЯ ПАМ’ЯТОК ІСТОРІЇ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ ОРГАНАМИ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ ІЗ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯМ СУЧАСНИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-РЕКЛАМНИХ ЗАСОБІВ

Ж. В. Мина, Л. Б. Кокор
Інститут гіманітарних та соціальних наук
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”

 Мина Ж. В., Кокор Л. Б., 2016

Проаналізовано важливість популяризації пам’яток історії та культури з використанням сучасних інформаційних технологій. Запропоновано методи впливу на туристичну привабливість місцевості за допомогою застосування органами місцевого самоврядування інформаційно-рекламних засобів.
Ключові слова: інформаційні технології, органи місцевого самоврядування, пам’ятки історії, пам’ятки культури, популяризація, реклама, туризм.

Today society is an indicator of maturity of attitude towards the monuments of history and culture. Preservation and promotion of them should be one of the important areas of public policy, because the rich cultural heritage of Ukraine is a part of world cultural heritage. Millions of historical and cultural monuments are on the state account in regions Ukraine. More than 12 mln. оf them are kept in the local museums. Historical and cultural influence on personality development, enrich its spiritual growth, causing emotional excitement, because they are unique evidence of the past. To historical and cultural monuments were not “dead”, that they “lived” need to study, promote and develop tourism sector.
Given the significant importance of tourism in the socio-economic development of certain areas, you can create urgency in the formation and implementation of tourism policy, given the interests of the regional and local economy. Tourism is a powerful engine for the development of cities, towns and the state in general.
The activities of local governments due to the general economic policy of the state, including in tourism. However, the State has delegated to local, district and regional level enough power to build tourist features in its territory. Vertical management structure should take into account when deciding the specifics of the regional tourism industry, which stems from the location, climate, tourist facilities, the infrastructure and tourist offer. So, we need to investigate the importance of tourism in regional development and to identify tools revitalization of local authorities in the provision of travel services.
The survey of contemporary technologies that can be used to promote local government is projected here. Also there is presentation of the analysis of advertising methods that can be used for illumination of the touristic agency. The choice of the informational resource is motivated here as the most optimal way of apprising citizens and tourists of events and activities in the village council.
In this work presented current modern technology that allows to create Web-sites. Here is most popular CMS are compared. The analysis of the ways of promotion of the informational resource, taking into account the institution, is also presented here. There are also recommendations for improvement of the information and documentation on activities of the local government. The issues that may arise during the implementation of work and their solutions are also considered here.
It was built informational and functional models of creation of a website that reflect the logical relations between processes and sequence of their implementation, using a structural approach to designing information systems. Also highlighted the importance of an informational resource for the local government and its role in increasing public confidence in local government and formation of tourist attraction of the region.
For implementation of technical solutions one of the most popular CMS – WordPress is used.
The paper presents the results of research in the form of a website with actualized content according to its purpose as well as selected medium of popularization.
Kеу words: advertising IT, local government, cultural monuments, historical monuments, popularization, tourism.

Література – 9

УДК [94 (410)+070.48] ”1837/...”

БРИТАНСЬКІ ІЛЮСТРОВАНІ ПЕРІОДИЧНІ ВИДАННЯ
КІНЦЯ ХІХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ: ПОПИТ І ПРОПОЗИЦІЯ

Л. Ю. Питльована
Український католицький університет

© Питльована Л. Ю., 2016

Досліджено історію британських ілюстрованих періодичних видань наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. Проаналізовано особливості пропозиції ілюстрованих газет і журналів на ринку преси, здійснено їхню типологію за жанровими особливостями та цільовою аудиторією. Значну увагу звернено на фактори, які сприяли збільшенню асортименту ілюстрованих видань: технічні та технологічні можливості поліграфії, розвиток газетярської справи, збільшення читацьких кіл, розвиток образотворчого мистецтва та художньої культури тощо.
Ключові слова: Велика Британія, ілюстрація, преса, читачі.

The research paper analyzes the history of British illustrated periodicals of the late XIX – early XX century. Illustrated periodicals and newspapers both demand and supply features in the mass media market is explored. The proposed typology for illustrated print media is made according to the genre specifics and target audience of readers. The research paper attaches considerable importance to the factors responsible for the increasing of the assortment of illustrated print media and making them more available and accessible, such as constant improving of printing process and technique, the development of newspaper industry, expanding readership to the lower strata of society, the development of fine arts and visual culture etc.
The development of the British illustrative publications took place within a context of quantitative increase and
a qualitative improvement of the newspapers and magazines. The success of the press and publishing was closely dependent on the economic, political and social development of the United Kingdom. Since the mid-nineteenth century, the audience for periodicals in Great Britain has been greatly enlarged by including the representatives of the middle and lower classes. The increase in Britain’s population, the spread of elementary education, shortening of the weekly working hours have created favourable conditions for people to spend their leisure time for reading books and newspapers. The lowering of prices was accompanied by system of wide distribution thus has fostered the popularization of mass-circulation periodicals and newspapers.
In the last third of the nineteenth century it was technically feasible to print good-quality images. However, the news media had often preferred to print timely information rather than illustrative materials. Among illustrated periodicals, better-educated reading public have preferred to the literary and art journals. Their illustrations reflected all the trends of the fine arts of this time. On the other hand, a large number of illustrated newspapers and magazines suited tastes and preferences of less-educated and more unpretentious audience, and have mainly been illustrated in traditional style. At the same time, such printed publication as “Punch” or “The Illustrated London News” has been a sort of a standard of quality among illustrated periodicals and were in great demand in a large segment of readers.
Keywords: United Kingdom, history, illustrated periodicals, readers.

Література – 20

МІСТЕЧКО БІЛГОРОД ТА СЕЛО БІЛІВ1 У ХVІ ст.
У КОНТЕКСТІ МАЙНОВИХ СПРАВ КНЯЗІВ ЧОРТОРИЙСЬКИХ

М. В. Федоришин
КЗ “Культурно-археологічний центр “Пересопниця”

© Федоришин М. В., 2016

Здійснено джерелознавчий аналіз опублікованих у книзі “Князі Чорторийські: документи і матеріали ХVI–XVII cт.” документів під № 1, 4, 6–9, 11. Виявлено територіальні межі містечка Білгорода та села Білева, належності їх до замків та обсяг їхньої власності. Матеріали щодо локалізацїї цих двох поселень публікуються вперше. Дослідник вважали містечко Білгород та село Білів одним поселенням. На думку автора, сьогодні вони мають величезний інтерес місцевої громади, яку цікавить подальша музефікація історичного городища з метою залучення туристів. Стаття розрахована для вчителів історії, краєзнавців, наукових працівників музеїв, працівників органів охорони культурної спадщини, органів самоврядування Зорянської громади Рівненської області.
Ключові слова: Волинь, князь Чорторийський, князь Пронський, замок Білгород, замок Жуків, село Білів, культурна спадщина, громада.

The article addresses the problem of identifying the historical town of Belgorod settlements and villages Bileva the first half of the sixteenth century. The study was conducted on the basis of source analysis of documents published in the book “Princes Czartoryski family, documents and materials XVI–XVII century”. Documents under number 1, 4, 6–9, 11 number. For the first time proved that modern Bilevi settlement in the village at the time of the early modern time was Biloroda castle town in the early sixteenth century. But from the second half of the sixteenth century. – Bileva castle town.
Today Bilevi settlement of the status of cultural heritage monument of national importance.
Modern social needs lead to a cultural change in the use of cultural heritage of national importance. On this basis, local communities have to develop tourism. Muzefikatsiyu is the question of the settlement.
On the basis of modern scientific understanding of the role of the use of historical monuments in the current social and cultural conditions, it is necessary to carefully examine the history of the settlements. The article revealed the localization of the castle, town, village Bileva. Also, the documents can learn about farming towns and villages of Belgorod Bileva names and owners.
This study will form the right approach to further muzefikatsiyi settlement. The vision of the museum as a social and cultural institution in modern terms is complemented by an understanding of its active role in the social and cultural development of society. Kulturolohichnii museum activities can be a tool for a better understanding of today’s world and meet the needs of people today.
Key words: the Great principality of Lithuania, Volhynia, Prince Chertoryyskyy Prince Pronskiy, Belgorod castle, castle Zhukov town.

Література – 5

УДК 930.8:005.44

НАЦІОНАЛЬНА ІСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНА СПАДЩИНА В СИСТЕМІ ІСТОРИЧНОЇ ПАМ’ЯТІ ТА ВИКЛИКІВ СУЧАСНОЇ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Н. М. Барановська
Інститут гуманітарних і соціальних наук
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”

© Барановська Н. М , 2016

Теоретично обґрунтувано соціогуманітарні трансформації, їхні загрози та можливості у сучасних глобалізаційних умовах розвитку українського суспільства. Увагу закцентовано на ролі та значенні національної історико-культурної спадщини для формування консолідаційного потенціалу об’єктивної історичної пам’яті та її використанні у культурно-пізнавальній сфері й міжнародній діяльності. З’ясовано роль історичних музеїв як важливих пам’яткоохоронних і дослідницьких установ у системі суспільних цінностей та змістовного наповнення національної ідеї. Встановлено загальні чинники, які впливають на формування національної ідентичності в межах глобального світосприйняття.
Ключові слова: глобалізація, виклики, об’єктивна історична пам’ять, історико-культурна спадщина, історичний музей, самобутність.

The article is devoted to theoretical substantiation of sociohumanitarian transformations, their threats and opportunities in modern globalizational conditions of Ukrainian society’s development. Attention is paid to the role and significance of national historical and cultural heritage to form consolidational potential of objective historical memory and its use in cultural and educational sphere and international activity. The role of museums as important institutions for protection of monuments and research activity in the system of social values and rich in content filling of the national idea is clarified.The general factors that affect the formation of national identity within the global world-view are identified.
Globalization and related challenges in recent years are the subject of active research in scientific community. Carrying the popular idea of integration readiness, globalization entails unification of history, pulls aside from the real impact on national development, politics and culture of historical memory. Management of historical consciousness becomes prominent. Inspiring and traumatic moments of the historical memory that in the past were causing contradictions and conflicts are becoming not important. They are displayed in a shadow or activated in accordance with the objectives of political expediency. This primarily relates to periods of liberation struggle of Ukrainian people for statehood revival that changed the political situation in Ukraine within the national paradigm, evaluation of prominent historical figures activity, because of which there are sometimes ideological disputes about controversy questions of Second World War, historical memory about the state terror of the Soviet totalitarian regime (20–50’s XX century), the victims of which were millions of Ukrainian.
An effective counterweight to globalizational processes, that threaten the information security of Ukraine may be renewal of society’s interest to national historical and cultural heritage as a valuable intellectual property of the Ukrainian nation, powerful mean of national self-identification, consolidation and formation of objective historical memory.
An important role in processes of preservation, study and actualization of historical and cultural heritage belongs to the Historical Museum. Modern information technology and socio-cultural changes create new opportunities for effective transformation of historical and cultural values into museum exibits, rethinking of the museum displays towards rich in content filling of the national idea. This activity will help to prevent the growing trend towards cultural unification by forming in the minds of the Ukrainian nation’s representatives a sense of its unique history, culture and struggle for statehood. In addition, the value of national achievements should be meaningfully and interestingly revealed to the world, making them more prominent, featuring Ukrainian heritage as an integral and distinctive part of the historical and cultural heritage of humanity. This may be one of the most effective means to draw attention of the international community to the problem of necessity to maintain national sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine in threatening her present conditions.
Key words: globalization, challenges, objective historical memory, historical and cultural heritage, historical museum, originality.

Література 15

УДК 004.738.5:070:930.253

ОЦИФРОВАНІ ПЕРІОДИЧНІ ВИДАННЯ ЗУНР
ЯК ІСТОРИЧНЕ ДЖЕРЕЛО

Н. С. Вовк
Інститут гуманітарних і соціальних наук
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”

 Вовк Н. С., 2016

Розкрито значення оцифрування архівних документів для сучасного українського суспільства. Звернено увагу на оцифрованім періодичні видання Української галицької армії як джерелу інформації про встановлення єдиної соборної держави. Проаналізовано сучасні електронні архіви та часописи 1918–1919 років.
Ключові слова: ЗУНР, УГА, періодична преса, оцифрування, електронні архіви.

The urgent question for today is digitizing of documents for the period of Ukrainian national revolution of 1917–1921. The restored freedom of the press and the need of society to be informed properly led to the appearing of national information space aimed at the full realization of the idea of Ukrainian statehood. Particular note should be done on digitization and open access to media of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (ZUNR).
“Publications of the State Secretariat of Military Affairs (Ministry of Military Control) – “Bulletin DSVS” – was an important step in providing troops with information, regulatory and legislative material. In 2015, electronic archive of the liberation movement avr.org.ua published scanned copies of 16 issues of the official “Bulletin” of military ministry of Western People’s Republic for the period 01.12.1918–10.10.1919 years (3 issues for 1918 and 13 issues for 1919). Electronic version of “Bulletin DSVS” is placed on the web site in the section “Ukrainian statehood of 1917–1921”, which consist of more than 400 digitized documents. The first editions of the magazine are the most popular among the visitors. In particular, “Bulletin DSVS” from December 1, 1918, has been downloaded 189 times and viewed 264 times.
Today, Archive of old newspapers is working with digitization of another magazine “Sagittarius” – a web site is dedicated to old newspapers, which have ever been published in Ukraine or were related to it. Web site has digitized seven different periodicals of different years.
In centralized storage for media files that are provided as free licenses – Wikimedia in section “Ukrainian Galician Army” (“Ukrainian Galician Army”) is located more than 100 photos which mostly are digitized (scanned or photographed) photographs of the periodical press of that time. Such personalized approach to digitizing information makes it possible not only to identify the members of the Ukrainian Galician Army, but also to make a comparative analysis of contemporary photographic troops and forces CAA.
In some collections of electronic exhibitions of Central Historical Archives of higher authorities and management of Kyiv (Ukraine TSDAVO) are placed periodical issues, which have been published in the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic. In particular, on the exhibition “On the Day of Ukraine” user has possibility to read some of periodical issues, such as “Ukraine”, “Republic” and “Bulletin of state laws and regulations of the western regions of the Ukrainian People’s Republic”.
In the State Archives of Lviv Region (DALO) partial publication of ZUNR’s periodicals are partially available on two exhibitions, which provide information about contemporary independence and unity of Ukrainian state: “To the 98 anniversary of the Unification Act republic Ukrainian People and the West Ukrainian Republic” and “The November rank. By the 98 anniversary of Western Ukrainian People’s Republic”.
Digitization of archival documents not only opens archival records for the modern Ukrainian society, but also lead to realizing the meaning of the struggle for independence of the state. Periodical press of Western Ukrainian People’s Republic was full of articles about fighting of Ukrainian Galician Army for independence and unity of the state. Analysis of the open information of the electronic archive make us to not only believe in victory, but also give us more power and confidence in the unity of the Ukrainian people. So to digitize the archival information additional funding should be used and develop new methods and programs for the conservation of archival documents electronically. Therefore, to digitize the archival information additional funding should be used, new methods and programs have to be developed for the conservation of archival documents electronically.
Key words: Western Ukrainian People’s Republic, Ukrainian Galician Army, periodicals, digitization, electronic archives.

Література – 16

УДК 930.25:[004:327.8:351.75](470:4-15)”191/20”

ІСТОРІОГРАФІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПРОБЛЕМИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ НА ПОСТРАДЯНСЬКОМУ ПРОСТОРІ

О. Л. Гапеєва
Національна академія сухопутних
військ імені гетьмана Петра Сагайдачного

© Гапеєва О. Л., 2016

Проаналізовано науковий доробок сучасних українських та закордонних вчених у контексті дослідження різноманітних аспектів інформаційної безпеки. Виявлено, що студіювання інформаційної безпеки суспільства та особистості на пострадянському просторі розпочалось наприкінці 90-х років ХХ ст. В історичному аспекті окреслено проблематику розглянуто вперше.
Ключові слова: історіографія, інформаційна безпека, інформаційно-психологічний вплив, національна безпека, пострадянський простір.

The article analyzes the scientific works of modern Russian and foreign scientists in the context of studies of various aspects of information security. After the collapse of the USSR information security of the state, society and the individual became the subject of scientific research of political scientists, sociologists, jurists, philosophers, and experts in the information technology. But in historical perspective defined perspective is seen for the first time.
The author revealed the study of information-psychological security of the society and the individual in the post-Soviet area began in the late nineties of the last century scientists of the Russian Federation in the context of the study of national security of the state; in modern Russian historiography the issue is investigated, a large number of scientific papers.
But in a Ukrainian historiography the majority of the works have the legal, philosophical science and public administration, which allows to make a conclusion about the absence of comprehensive scientific research on issues of information security.
Key words: historiography, information security, information-psychological impact, national security, the post-Soviet space.

Література – 20

УДК 94(477)”1920/1939”

ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ГЕНЕРАЛІВ ВСЕВОЛОДА ПЕТРІВА
ТА МИХАЙЛА ОМЕЛЯНОВИЧА-ПАВЛЕНКА В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ АРХІВНО-МУЗЕЙНОЇ СПРАВИ В ЕМІГРАЦІЇ

Р. П. Мельник, В. М. Мельник
Інститут гуманітарних та соціальних наук
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”

© Мельник Р. П., Мельник В. М., 2016

Проаналізовано діяльність генералів армії УНР Всеволода Петріва та Михайла Омеляновича-Павленка в організації національної архівної справи в еміграції. Здійснено спробу показати на тлі політичних процесів міжвоєнного періоду діяльність представників військової еміграції зі створення музейних, книжкових та документальних колекцій, заснування архівних осередків у країнах осідку.
Ключові слова: архівно-музейна справа, еміграція, В. Петрів, М. Омелянович-Павленко, колекції.

The analysis of these sources and professional literature in the article attempts to highlight the theoretical views of the famous military leader, General cornet V. Petriw, plan on ordering and exhibiting documents and exhibits in the National Museum Archives at Hromadoznavstva Institute in Prague. Particular attention is focused on the problem of preserving the achievements of Ukrainian history and culture in exile. Thus, in Prague in 1923, the Institute was Hromadoznavstva shutter National Museum archive to preserve and protection of monuments of great historical value. In the operation of the museum’s archive, the urgent question was making clear structure methods for collecting and organizing documents and museum exhibits. To address this issue, on the initiative of the Director Museum Archives M. Galan, a commission was established, composed of V. Petriw entered. In the theoretical work, the military identified the main task of the main Ukrainian National Museum Archives, which was to organize the collection and storage of Ukrainian historical monuments abroad and completing his documentary collections, V. Petriw in his theoretical development plan submitted organize and exhibiting historical materials. The basis of the grouping of the collected sites, it is proposed to employ chronologically problematic principle that all accumulation of materials on the history of the national revolution of 1917–1921 had to be grouped according to time and their accessories. Another important area of work in the protection of the past defined the theoretical description and comparison of the accumulated separately and distributed material , the final step is to display in the museum. Diverse activities generals Peter B. and M. Pavlenko Omelianovych-on collection and storage of Ukrainian historical monuments abroad and acquisition of documentary collections clearly demonstrates their national position, not only in the military but of Interest in protecting the case in general.
Key words: archive and museum business, emigration, V. Petrov, M. Omelianovych-Pavlenko, collection.

Література – 11

УДК 94(477)”1929/1939”(06) : 930.22

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ПРАЦІ ЧЛЕНІВ ОУН ЩОДО
ФОРМУВАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ РЕГУЛЯРНОЇ АРМІЇ

С. О. Лісіна
Інститут гуманітарних і соціальних
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”

 Лісіна С. О., 2016

Розкрито роботу військових діячів ОУН над творенням військової доктрини з формування регулярної армії Української держави 1929–1939 рр. Звернено увагу на характеристику основних праць М. Капустянського,
В. Курмановича, Р. Сушка щодо творення українського війська і воєнної доктрини. Представлено творчі здобутки військових діячів ОУН, які стали цінним внеском в організаційну та вишкільну діяльність Організації українських націоналістів міжвоєнного періоду.
Ключові слова: збройні формування, військово-організаційна діяльність, ОУН, військовий вишкіл, воєнна доктрина.

Case study of OUN military activities theory in the interwar period is complex, multifaceted and requires objective analysis of sources. The greatest interest to the characteristics of the main works of M. Kapustiansky V. Kurmanovich, R. Sushko, on the creation of Ukrainian army and military doctrine were fund of the Central State Archive of higher authorities and management of Ukraine, the State Archive of the L’viv Region. Archive of OUN within Olzhych Foundation in Kiev was useful in the study of correspondence material of E. Konovalets, M. Kapustiansky, M. Stsiborsky and others. Special attention is paid to the analysis of literary memoirs literature, nationalist newspapers and magazines, as well as fundamental monographs and dissertations.
Issue of creation the Ukrainian army always remained actual for the OUN, which stood on the position of Ukrainian statehood. OUN was involving the soldiers, who was the former ruler of the Ukrainian army, to their ranks, by bidding only on the armed liberation of Ukraine. Among those who participated in historical and theoretical researches were leaders of OUN, such as: E. Konovalets, M. Kapustiansky, V. Kurmanovich, R. Sushko, M. Kolodzinskyy, R. Shukhevych, A. Hasyn, Z. Kossak. Their rich experience of the First World War and the liberation fights of 1917–1921, good professional military education became a valuable contribution to the organization and educational activities of OUN during interwar period.
In the works: “Military knowledge”, ”On the question of Ukrainian military doctrine”, “For armed Ukraine”, “War and equipment”, “Ukrainian Armed Force and Ukrainian national revolution” M. Kapustiansky considered the future of the war and developed tactics and strategy of Ukrainian Nationalists. The main focus of military and historical studies for M. Kapustiansky, were problems of Ukrainian revolution, the history of the armed fight of the Ukrainian people for independence. There are a number of memoirs and analytical works among scientific and historical creative heritage of M. Kapustiansky: “Essays records years 1929–1939”, “On my memory screen,” “Remembered”. He, as eyewitness of the Ukrainian revolution, described past events at work “Campaign of Ukrainian army on the Kyiv-Odessa in 1919”.
General B. Kurmanovich, as experienced soldiers, actively participated in the creation of a textbook on military training for former officers of UHA. Thanks to the efforts Musketeers Communities was published a “Sketch textbook for Ukrainian officers and junior officers” in Canada, with a foreword by General V. Kurmanovich.
Roman Sushko took part in writing a textbook on military training, which is published in Paris. Important and interesting publications are documentary works of R. Sushko in the “Calendars Red Guelder Rose”. These works still not lost its scientific and cognitive value.
Creative achievements of OUN military leaders were feature with wide range and depth of thinking, high professionalism. All training and theoretical developments of OUN officers are the source for study of military and historical views on the nationalist organization activities in 1929–1939 years. This heritage can be used in developing process of modern Ukraine state building, reforming the armed forces, and perspective of entering the European structures and NATO.
Key words: armed groups, military and organizational activities, National Nations Organization, military training, military doctrine.

Література 23

УДК 94 (477/ 930.2)

ІСТОРІЯ СКЛА ПІД МІКРОСКОПОМ: З ЯКИХ РАКУРСІВ
ВАРТО ДОСЛІДЖУВАТИ ГУТНИЦТВО

Ю. М. Курдина
Інститут гуманітарних та соціальних наук
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”

© Курдина Ю. М., 2016

Проаналізовано основні підходи, принципи та методи, використання яких дає змогу цілісно та всебічно досліджувати історію скла. На прикладі гутництва кінця XV – I половини XIX ст. продемонстровано необхідність використання системного, проблемно-хронологічного та, особливо, міждисциплінарного підходів для забезпечення максимум детального дослідження цього господарського заняття.
Ключові слова: гутництво, методи дослідження, міждисциплінарний підхід, археологія, скло.

The history of glass is multifaceted and full of mysteries. It is impossible, however, to study glass-making in all its complexity of manifestations by using only historical methods. By the example of Hutta production in the late XV – the 1st half of the XIX centuries the article shows the necessity to use a multidisciplinary approach in order to provide a maximum detailed research of the history of glass.
Hutta production as a multi-faceted phenomenon cannot be in the purview of history only. In particular, the basic materials according to which the reconstruction of Hutta production can be made are the results of archeological studies. This particularly includes structures of glass-melting furnaces and glassware. Generally, two categories of research activities are typical of archeology: study of material objects (formation of sources) and interpretation. The interrelation between these categories goes from collecting materials to their commenting. The determination of age of finds is also important because the tendency to making certain glass was specific to correspondent time periods and regions.
The issues of Hutta production is also closely related to another line of research – history of art. The fact is that the art styles affected not only architecture or sculpture but were also reflected in glassware decoration techniques. For example, a characteristic feature of Baroque glassware was a pedestal of the stem made in the form of a petal. The research methods in this case are based on the analysis of the works of art that is typical of the science dealing with plastic (spatial) arts.
The ethnographic studies confirm that even before the early XX century there existed a belief that a bear brings happiness into the house, it is no surprise, therefore, that the glassware in the form of a bear was particularly popular.
A “bottle-bear” was a necessary attribute of a village wedding in the XVIII century etc.
The application of methods and approaches of different sciences allows studying the history of glass under the microscope with different lenses.
Key words: hutta production, research methods, interdisciplinary approach, archeology, glass.

Література – 14