https://doi.org/10.23939/eem2019.01.047

UDC 339.331.5
JEL Classification Code F13, N40

L. Chernobay
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine, PhD, Professor
E-mail: liana_chernobaj@ukr.net

V. Adamyk
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine, PhD, Associated Professor
E-mail: viktoriia.v.adamyk@lpnu.ua

S. Malibroda
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Master in International Economic Relations
E-mail: smalibroda@gmail.com

AN APPROACH TO MODELLING THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION ON THE ECONOMY OF RECEIVING COUNTRY

Abstract. Being an objective element of the global economic system, international migration produces a significant impact on the performance of individual countries nowadays. The economic impact of international migration is driven by various factors, primarily the type of international migration (labour migration, refugee migration, family migration, or student migration) and the legislation of a receiving country which determines the ability of international migrants to interact with the host country’s economy and to produce the respective impact. The hypothesis of this study builds on the premise that legislation of the receiving country determines the “capabilities of migrants”, that is a set of actions that can be performed by an international migrant on the territory of receiving country, the consequences of which will produce an impact on the economy of receiving country. We identified the following capabilities: the ability to enter and stay in the country; the ability to be employed; the ability to obtain social protection, education and citizenship; the ability to own and dispose of property. Capabilities are not firmly attached to particular types of international migration. For example, the capability to be employed is associated with such types of migrants as labour migrants, refugees, family and other migrants, depending on the country. The influence of international migrants on the economy of receiving country is determined not by the type of migration, but by the combination of actual capabilities that correspond to certain types of migration. We found five combinations of migrants’ capabilities that determine four types of economic relationships between the migrants and the receiving country’s economy. Each type of economic interaction produces a different effect on the economy of receiving country and can be changed by means of expanding or constraining certain capabilities of migrants, which requires that respective amendments be introduced in the legislation of the receiving country. The scientific appropriateness of our approach to modelling the impact of international migration on the economy of receiving country is based on the analysis of the global legal framework for purposes of identifying the rights that ensure the respective capabilities of migrants, as well as on the application of SNA-2008 principles to modelling the impact of international migration on the economy of receiving country. In this study, we used the method of analysis to single out the rights that ensure the migrant’s capabilities; the method of generalization to reveal attributes, based on which separate rights could be matched with respective capabilities; the method of explanation to describe the notions of “migrant’s capabilities” and “type of economic interaction”; the method of classification to separate specific types of economic interaction; and the method of modelling to describe the relationship between the legislation of the receiving country, the migrants’ capabilities, the types of international migrants, and the impact of such migrants on the economy of receiving country.
Key words: Impact on the economy, international migration, legislation, migrant’s capabilities, modelling.

Кількість посилань 62

УДК 94 (100): 355. 318. 2 (430)

ІНОЗЕМНІ ГРОМАДЯНИ У ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ФОРМУВАННЯХ СС НАЦИСТСЬКОЇ НІМЕЧЧИНИ (1939–1945 рр.)

Микола Гетьманчук
Інститут гуманітарних та соціальних наук
Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
hetmanchukm@ukr.net
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-7065

© Гетьманчук М., 2018

Проаналізована політика нацистської Німеччини щодо створення та використання іноземних збройних формувань СС у роки Другої світової війни. Висвітлено мотиви й цілі перебування іноземних громадян у військових формуваннях СС. Особливу увагу приділено проблемі комплектування іноземними громадянами дивізій військ СС, їх місця у агресивних планах нацистського керівництва Третього Рейху.
Ключові слова: Друга світова війна, Третій Рейх, колабораціонізм, війська СС, іноземні добровольці СС.

FOREIGNERS CITIZENS IN MILITARY FORMATIONS
OF THE SS NAZIST GERMANY (1939–1945)

Mukola Hetmanchuk
Institute of the Humanities and Social Sciences
Lviv Polytechnic National University
hetmanchukm@ukr.net
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-7065

© Hetmanchuk M., 2018

The issue of the participation of foreign citizens in the SS military groups of Nazi Germany during the Second World War has been studied. It has been shown that foreign citizens, who served in the SS forces, were conditionally divided according to racial and national principle and functional purposes. According to racial and national criteria, foreign citizens in the SS were divided into separate categories: 1) the first category – ethnic Germans – “Volksdeutsche”, as opposed to the German citizens – the imperial Germans – “Reichsdeutsche”; 2) the second category – the so-called “Germanic” peoples – English, Deutsch, Norwegians, Danes, Flemish, Swedes; 3) the third category of foreigners, the most numerous one, consisted of representatives of peoples of the former Soviet Union and the Baltic States; 4) the fourth category of foreigners – citizens of all other countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Three groups can be distinguished among them according to the motivation of their admission to the SS troops. The first one included foreign volunteers, who joined the SS troops mainly on ideological grounds. The second group was made up of foreigners from the territories annexed to Germany, who were mobilized into the SS forces. The third group consisted of prisoners of war from the armies of the Anti-Hitler coalition, who forcibly or voluntarily served in the SS. During the Second World War, Hitler and his entourage harnessed nationalism and general fear of Bolshevism that dominated in Europe. They realized that for the proclaimed Crusade against Bolshevism participation of all peoples of Europe is vital. Therefore, foreign military groups of the SS, according to the Nazi leadership, should have become: 1) the basis for the creation of a new “European Army”; 2) the embodiment of the concept of the development of a confederative “New united Europe”; 3) a powerful means for the creation of the European Reich after the victory over the world communism; 4) an important source of replenishment of SS military units with personnel. Two allied armies for Germany were created organizationally at the end of the war with the help of the SS – Russian and Slovenian.
The study of the problem suggests that SS troops were traditionally considered not only to be the elite of the German Army during the Second World War, but also a unique phenomenon in military history. During the Second World War, 38 SS units, individual brigades, legions and special-purpose SS units were formed that were not part of the German Wehrmacht and the police. Among them, only 20 SS divisions, including the ethnic Germans – “volksdeutsche”, can be considered purely German. During 1939–1945, according to the researchers’ estimates, 530 thousand foreign citizens served in the SS forces: the ethnic Germans “volksdeutsche” – 180 thousand; representatives of the peoples of the former USSR – 150 thousand; Dutch – 25 thousand; French – 10 thousand; Italians – 10 thousand; Danes – 6 thousand; Hungarians –
41 thousand; Croats – 28 thousand; Romanians – 5700; Serbs – 9 thousand; Albanians – 9275; Indians – 3 thousand, etc. By the end of the war, the number of foreign nationals in SS troops was significantly higher than the number of imperial Germans.
Most foreign divisions of SS troops were used only on the Eastern Front. Only three foreign SS divisions participated in the battles with the Allied troops on the Western Front – 34 – a (Dutch), 29 – a (Italian), 30 – a (Russian). Another four foreign SS divisions created in the Balkans (7, 13, 21, 23) and the Serbian Volunteer Corps of SS took part exclusively in the fight against the guerrilla movement. It has been emphasized in the historiography of the SS forces that the units that were created from Western European citizens proved to be the most combat-effective. At the same time, it has been stressed that the level of combat capability was determined by the motivation of the personnel.
Key words: Second World War, Third Reich, SS troops, collaborationism, foreign SS volunteers.

Література – 43

УДК 821.1612-92Демкович-Добрянський.304.2(477)”195/198”

CULTURAL PROCESSES IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR IN MYKHAYLO DEMKOVYCH-DOBRIANSKY’S PUBLICATIONS (1950s–1980s)

Danylo Kravets
Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library of Ukraine
Visiting researcher at the University of Minnesota (USA)
Davydiw@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1963-9678

© Kravets D., 2018

Presented paper is based on the Mykhaylo Demkovych-Dobriansky personal archive and it deals with his articles and radio programs devoted to cultural situation in the Soviet Ukraine (1950s–1980s). It focuses on his biography and intellectual heritage. M. Demkovych-Dobriansky was an author of hundreds radio programs on Radio Liberty and dozens of publications in different Ukrainian diaspora periodicals. His writings were dedicated to: Ukrainian-Russian relations (especially huge influence of Ukrainian scholars on Russian history), problems of Ukrainian culture in the Soviet Union (russification, lack of dictionaries and audio types with Ukrainian songs etc.), role of Ukrainian dissidents in the USSR (series of programs devoted to V. Chornovil, I. Dziuba etc.) etc.
Key words: M. Demkovych-Dobriansky, Radio Liberty, diaspora, dissidents, Soviet Ukraine, culture.

КУЛЬТУРНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ РСР У ПУБЛІКАЦІЯХ МИХАЙЛА ДЕМКОВИЧА-ДОБРЯНСЬКОГО (1950–1980-ті рр.)

Данило Кравець
Львівська національна бібліотека імені В. Стефаника
дослідник Університету Міннесоти (США)
Davydiw@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1963-9678

© Кравець Д., 2018

На основі особового архівного фонду М. Демковича-Добрянського та його опублікованих робіт простежено ставлення автора до подій у радянській Україні 1950–1980-х рр. М. Демкович-Добрянський (1905–2003) – відомий історик, очільник української редакції радіо “Свобода” (1956–1972), публіцист та громадсько-політичний діяч, член Українського національно-демократичного об’єднання (УНДО) та голова Союзу українців у Великій Британії (СУВБ). Архів фондоутворювача зберігається у відділі рукописів ЛННБ України ім. В. Стефаника (фонд № 298). Висвітлено життєвий і творчий шлях фондоутворювача, автора численних праць на тему українсько-польських та українсько-російських відносин; акцентовано увагу на радіопрограмах, які висвітлювали різні сторінки історії України: проблеми українсько-російських взаємин, історію, мову, аналіз феномену шістдесятників та дисидентів
у СРСР тощо.
Ключові слова: М. Демкович-Добрянський, радіо “Свобода”, діаспора, дисиденти, УРСР, культура.

Література – 21